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Application status and prospect of organ from hepatitis C donor in solid organ transplantation
Qin Zhiwen, Zhang Wu
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023207
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As a marginal organ donor, organs from hepatitis C donors have been applied in solid organ transplantation. While effectively alleviating the shortage of organs, it also faces certain challenges, such as the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV). With the emergence and application of direct antiviral drugs, the cure of hepatitis C has gradually become a reality, laying the foundation for hepatitis C patients to become organ transplant donors. At present, with adjuvant treatment using antiviral drugs, certain efficacy has been achieved in solid organ transplantation from hepatitis C donors. In this article, research progress in kidney, heart, lung and liver transplantation from hepatitis C donors, the application of hepatitis C donors in solid organ transplantation and the safety and effectiveness of antiviral drugs were reviewed, and the feasibility of hepatitis C donors in solid organ transplantation was evaluated, aiming to provide reference for expanding the donor pool of organ transplantation and shortening the waiting time for organ transplantation in patients with end-stage diseases.
Long-term safety and effectiveness of withdrawal of HBIG and/or nucleos(t)ide analogues in recipients undergoing hepatitis B immune reconstitution after liver transplantation
Wu Feng, Duan Binwei, Ouyang Yabo, Zhang Jing, Cao Yu, Li Guangming
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023253
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  Objective   To investigate the long-term safety and effectiveness of withdrawal of hepatitis B immuneglobulin (HBIG) and nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs) to prevent hepatitis B virus (HBV) reinfection in liver transplant recipients with hepatitis B-related diseases after successful vaccination.   Methods  Baseline data of 76 liver transplant recipients undergoing hepatitis B immune reconstitution after receiving hepatitis B vaccines were retrospectively analyzed. The vaccination and response, the follow-up results of respondents with HBIG and/or NAs withdrawal, and the reinfection of HBV after withdrawal of HBIG and/or NAs were analyzed.   Results  The time interval from liver transplantation to hepatitis B vaccination was 26 (20, 40) months. The time interval from vaccination to response was 15 (8,27) months. Initially, 76 recipients withdrew HBIG, and 36 recipients withdrew HBIG and NAs. During the follow-up, 12 of 76 recipients who withdrew HBIG resumed use of HBIG, and 16 of 36 recipients who withdrew HBIG and NAs resumed use of NAs. The withdrawal time of HBIG and NAs was 135 (98,150) and 133 (34,149) months, respectively. Sixteen respondents did not receive booster, and 36 respondents received boosters on a regular basis. The time interval between the first boosters and HBIG withdrawal was 44 (11,87) months. No significant differences were observed in baseline data between the respondents with and without boosters (all P>0.05). During the follow-up, 9 recipients were lost to follow-up, 5 were re-infected with HBV, 3 died, and 1 recipient developed graft loss and underwent secondary liver transplantation. Among 5 recipients re-infected with HBV, 4 cases had virus mutation. Significant differences were found between re-infected and uninfected patients regarding withdrawal of NAs and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) positive before transplantation (both P<0.05).   Conclusions  Long-term withdrawal of HBIG is feasible and safe for recipients with successful hepatitis B immune reconstitution after liver transplantation for hepatitis B-related diseases. Nevertheless, whether antiviral drugs can be simultaneously withdrawn remains to be validated.
Effect of irregular follow-up during normalized prevention and control of epidemic on viral load upon BK virus reactivation and prognosis of kidney transplant recipients
Wu Zhouting, Wang Yuchen, Zeng Wenli, Xia Renfei, Deng Wenfeng, Xu Jian, Miao Yun
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023231
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Objective To evaluate the effect of irregular follow-up during normalized prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) epidemic on BK virus (BKV) reactivation and clinical prognosis of kidney transplant recipients.   Methods  Clinical data of 363 kidney transplant recipients were retrospectively analyzed, and they were divided into the pre-epidemic group and during-epidemic follow-up group according to the follow-up time. All patients were followed up for 1 year. The follow-up interval was compared between two groups. The infection of BKV and the correlation between the infection process of BKV and renal graft function were analyzed in two groups.   Results  A total of 1 790 preson-times were followed up before COVID-19 epidemic and 2 680 during COVID-19 epidemic. Compared with the during-epidemic follow-up group, the follow-up intervals within 3, 3-6 and 7-12 months after kidney transplantation were shorter in the pre-epidemic follow-up group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). Within 1 year after kidney transplantation, 35 cases(32%) were diagnosed with BKV viruria, 3 cases(3%) of BKV viremia and 1 case(1%) of BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in the pre-epidemic follow-up group, and 53(25%), 3(1%) and 1(1%) in the during-epidemic follow-up group, with no statistical significance (all P>0.05). In the pre-epidemic follow-up group, the time for the initial diagnosis of BKV viruria was longer and the viral load of the first urinary BKV reactivation was smaller than those in the during-epidemic follow-up group, with statistical significance (both P<0.05). The viral load of the first urinary BKV reactivation was associated with the peak viral load of urinary BKV, and the differences between the baseline and creatinine levels at 1 and 3 months after BKV reactivation (all P<0.05).  Conclusions  Irregular follow-up after kidney transplantation may lead to early BKV reactivation and higher detection value of the first viral load of urinary BKV, delay diagnosis and interventions, and lead to poor prognosis. It is urgent to establish a remote follow-up system to meet the follow-up requirements of kidney transplant recipients when public health incidents occur.
Ethical research of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death
Hu Xiaonan, Lyu Renjie, Wang Linying, Meng Yexiang, Cui Yu, Yan Juan
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024012
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In recent years, with the rapid development of organ donation after citizen’s death and transplantation, central and local governments in China have successively released incentive policies. To protect the legitimate rights and interests of organ donors after citizen’s death and their families, current status of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death was illustrated and analyzed from the perspective of ethics. Combining with the principles of justice, respect for autonomy, nonmaleficence and beneficence, the problems existing in the implementation of incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death were identified in China, such as lack of continuous psychological intervention in spiritual incentives, the misinterpretation of humanitarian assistance in practice and the impact of indirect economic incentives on individual donation autonomy, etc. Relevant countermeasures and suggestions were proposed at the government, society and individual levels, aiming to provide reference for improving the incentive policies for organ donation after citizen’s death and accelerate the development of organ donation in China.
Research progress on anatomic vascular reconstruction in rat models of orthotopic liver transplantation
Wu Weikang, Li Xiao, Wang Xudan, Ding Rui, Tao Kaishan
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024037
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Establishment of rat models of liver transplantation provides an ideal animal model for resolving the problems of postoperative complications and perioperative treatment of liver transplantation. With in-depth study of the establishment of rat models of liver transplantation, classic "two-cuff" technique has been gradually employed. However, poor surgical field, vascular torsion, biliary tract injury and long anhepatic phase remain unresolved in the process of liver transplantation using traditional techniques. At present, the rat models of liver transplantation at home and abroad are modified mainly from the reconstruction of four vital anatomic structures including the suprahepatic inferior vena cava, portal vein, infrahepatic inferior vena cava and bile duct. Therefore, the latest progress in the reconstruction of the suprahepatic inferior vena cava, portal vein, infrahepatic inferior vena cava and bile duct was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the establishment of rat models of liver transplantation and promote further development of liver transplantation techniques.
Preliminary experience of robotic-assisted kidney transplantation in a single center
Zhang Mingxiao, Ding Zhenshan, Wang Jianfeng, Zhao Ying, Zhang Tianyu, Cao Chuanzhen, Deng Yisen, Zhou Xiaofeng
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023261
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  Objective  To evaluate the safety, effectiveness and feasibility of robot-assisted kidney transplantation (RAKT).   Methods  Clinical data of 16 patients who underwent kidney transplantation were collected. Among them, 8 recipients received RAKT (RAKT group) and 8 cases underwent open kidney transplantation (OKT) with the contralateral kidney from the same donor (OKT group). Perioperative status and the recovery of renal allograft function were compared between two groups.   Results  All patients successfully completed the surgery. In the RAKT group, no patient was converted to open surgery. The operation time in the RAKT group was longer than that in the OKT group (P=0.015). No significant differences were observed in the serum creatinine levels before surgery and upon discharge between two groups (both P>0.05). In the OKT group, one recipient developed delayed graft function (DGF), and the remaining recipients did not experience perioperative complications. No significant difference was noted in the short-term recovery of renal allograft function between two groups (P>0.05).   Conclusions  Postoperative recovery of the recipients in the RAKT group is equivalent to that of their counterparts in the OKT group. RAKT is a safe and effective procedure for the team expertise in kidney transplantation.
Research progress on kidney transplantation in China of 2023
Zeng Xinyue, Zhou Wangtianxu, Sun Qiquan
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024059
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Kidney transplantation has achieved significant success in treating end-stage renal disease. Nevertheless, it still faces a series of complex and significant challenges after surgery, such as infection, rejection, ischemia-reperfusion injury and chronic renal allograft dysfunction, etc. With the development of science and technology, including biomaterials, gene sequencing and other emerging technologies, Chinese researchers have launched a series of remarkable research in the field of kidney transplantation, aiming to solve these thorny issues. In 2023, relevant research of kidney transplantation in China not only focused on resolving the above challenges, but also highlighting on expanding novel technologies and concepts to build a brighter future of kidney transplantation. In this article, academic achievements of Chinese research teams in the field of kidney transplantation in 2023 were systematically reviewed, covering the frontiers of basic and clinical research and the application of emerging technologies, aiming to provide novel ideas and strategies for major clinical problems in the field of kidney transplantation from the local perspective and accelerate the advancement of kidney transplantation in China to a higher peak.
The question of death criteria in human organ donation
Yang Shunliang, Jiang Zhelong, Lyu Lizhi, Li Yushu, Wang Dong
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024033
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Donation after death is the most important ethical principle to carry out organ donation after citizens’ death. The newly-revised Regulations on Human Organ Donation and Transplantation does not define death, and avoids the key question of “whether to recognize brain death”. Certain legal risks or damages to the rights and interests of donors may exist in organ donation. Death is an inevitable part of human life. It is necessary to establish specific criteria, which is also the only approach, to define death in any era. Death criteria are established based on the view of death, and restricted by the development level of productive forces and other social factors. The determination of death criteria hugely varies between China and the West. To standardize organ donation and transplantation and promote high-quality development of organ donation, medical staff must adhere to the principle of pure motivation, take informed consents as the premise, respect the donors' and their close relatives' rights to choose their own death criteria, strictly follow the death judgment procedures and operating norms, and ensure the scientificity, accuracy and fairness of death determination.
Opportunities and challenges of marginal donor liver
Lu Xinyi, Teng Fei, Fu Hong, Zhao Yuanyu, Zhu Liye, Dong Jiayong, Mao Jiaxi, Guo Wenyuan
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024002
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With persistent breakthrough and maturity of surgical procedures and postoperative immunosuppressive therapy, the survival rate of liver transplant recipients and grafts has been significantly increased. The shortage of donor liver has become the main obstacle for clinical development of liver transplantation. How to expand the source of donor liver has become an urgent issue. Groundbreaking progresses have been made in the use of common marginal donor livers in clinical liver transplantation, such as elderly donor liver, steatosis donor liver, viral hepatitis donor liver and liver from donation after cardiac death. Nevertheless, multiple restrictions still exist regarding the use of marginal donor liver. Consequently, the definition of marginal donor liver and research progress in the application of common marginal donor livers were reviewed, and the opportunities and challenges for expanding the existing donor pool for liver transplantation were illustrated, aiming to provide reference for expanding the donor pool for clinical liver transplantation and bringing benefits to more patients with end-stage liver disease.
In vitro study of immunocompatibility of humanized genetically modified pig erythrocytes with human serum
Chen Leijia, Cui Mengyi, Song Xiangyu, Wang Kai, Jia Zhibo, Yang Liupu, Dong Yanghui, Zuo Haochen, Du Jiaxiang, Pan Dengke, Xu Wenjing, Ren Hongbo, Zhao Yaqun, Peng Jiang
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023226
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  Objective   To investigate the differences and the immunocompatibility of wild-type (WT), four-gene modified (TKO/hCD55) and six-gene modified (TKO/hCD55/hCD46/hTBM) pig erythrocytes with human serum.   Methods  The blood samples were collected from 20 volunteers with different blood groups. WT, TKO/hCD55, TKO/hCD55/hCD46/hTBM pig erythrocytes, ABO-compatible (ABO-C) and ABO-incompatible (ABO-I) human erythrocytes were exposed to human serum of different blood groups, respectively. The blood agglutination and antigen-antibody binding levels (IgG, IgM) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity were detected. The immunocompatibility of two types of genetically modified pig erythrocytes with human serum was evaluated.   Results  No significant blood agglutination was observed in the ABO-C group. The blood agglutination levels in the WT and ABO-I groups were higher than those in the TKO/hCD55 and TKO/hCD55/hCD46/hTBM groups (all P<0.001). The level of erythrocyte lysis in the WT group was higher than those in the ABO-C, TKO/hCD55 and TKO/hCD55/hCD46/hTBM groups. The level of erythrocyte lysis in the ABO-I group was higher compared with those in the TKO/hCD55 and TKO/hCD55/hCD46/hTBM groups (both P<0.01). The pig erythrocyte binding level with IgM and IgG in the TKO/hCD55 group was lower than those in the WT and ABO-I groups. The pig erythrocyte binding level with IgG and IgM in the TKO/hCD55/hCD46/hTBM group was lower than that in the WT group and pig erythrocyte binding level with IgG was lower than that in the ABO-I group (all P<0.05).   Conclusions  The immunocompatibility of genetically modified pig erythrocytes is better than that of wild-type pigs and close to that of ABO-C pigs. Humanized pig erythrocytes may be considered as a blood source when blood sources are extremely scarce.
Hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients
Guo Fansheng, Zeng Qiang, Dou Jian
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023216
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Hepatitis E virus infection is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis. In recent years, the incidence of hepatitis E has shown an increasing trend, which has gradually become an important cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide. Age, sex, intensity of immunosuppression and socio-economic factors are all risk factors for hepatitis E virus infection. Liver transplant recipients require long-term use of immunosuppressive drugs for anti rejection treatment, prone to hepatitis E virus infection and at the risk of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis due to immunosuppression status. Therefore, special attention should be paid to liver transplant recipients in clinical practice. Meantime, related risk factors should be identified to assist diagnosis and take stricter preventive measures. According to literature review, the etiological characteristics of hepatitis E virus and the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment of hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients were reviewed, aiming to properly monitor, treat and prevent hepatitis E virus infection in liver transplant recipients in clinical practice, improving the prognosis of liver transplant recipients.
Application of mesenchymal stem cell therapy in kidney transplantation: a continued story
Xie Siyu, Lu Jun
 doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023228
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Immunosuppressant is one of the main preventive measures for rejection after organ transplantation, whereas it may reduce the host response capability to pathogens and increase the risk of infection. In recent years, the application of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in the field of solid organ transplantation has attracted widespread attention. Preclinical studies have shown that MSC therapy may prolong the survival time of transplant kidney, induce immune tolerance, accelerate the repair of acute kidney injury and promote the recovery of renal function. Clinical trials have confirmed the safety, tolerance and effectiveness of MSC therapy. Consequently, general characteristics, immunomodulation and tissue repair function of MSC, and the application of MSC in clinical trials of kidney transplantation were reviewed, the unresolved issues were briefly discussed and the prospects for subsequent research were predicted, aiming to provide reference for promoting the application of MSC therapy in clinical kidney transplantation.
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Editorial
Liver transplantation for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
Pang Beichuan, Zhang Na, Zuo Bangyou, Yang Chong, Zhang Yu, Deng Shaoping
2024, 15(2): 163-170.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023254
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Hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE) is a common zoonotic endemic parasitic disease in western China. It lacks of typical clinical manifestations in the early stage, and symptoms become prominent during the end stage, with an alarmingly high mortality rate. Among the treatment of end-stage HAE (es-HAE), orthotopic liver transplantation is almost the only radical treatment due to insufficient remnant liver volume, uncontrollable bleeding and difficulty in vascular reconstruction in vivo. However, the shortage of donor liver and long-term postoperative use of immunosuppressants limit its application. The introduction of ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) resolves this dilemma and significantly broadens the indications of es-HAE. In addition, multiple centers in China have optimized and modified ELRA to further improve the treatment system of es-HAE. At present, liver transplantation (including ELRA) of es-HAE remains a hot topic for clinicians. In this article, orthotopic liver transplantation, ELRA, auxiliary ELRA and other surgical treatment of es-HAE were reviewed, aiming to further enhance the diagnosis and treatment of es-HAE and improve clinical prognosis of the patients.
Progress in diagnosis and treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis
Wang Zhixin, Liu Yunfei, Wang Hao, Wang Haijiu, Fan Haining
2024, 15(2): 171-177.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023257
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Hepatic echinococcosis is a chronic parasitic disease, which is caused by the larvae of Echinococcus multilocularis. It has a high risk of disability and mortality, which is also known as "parasite cancer". In clinical practice, hepatic echinococcosis can be divided into hepatic alveolar echinococcosis and hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Hepatic echinococcosis is widely prevalent worldwide. It mainly occurs in the populations residing agricultural and pastoral areas in western China, posing significant threats to the quality of life of local residents. At present, surgery is the main treatment for hepatic echinococcosis in clinical settings. With rapid development of surgical diagnosis and treatment technology and deepening understanding of hepatic echinococcosis, diagnosis and treatment regimens have also been constantly improved. In this article, research progresses on the diagnosis and treatment of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for clinicians, deliver early diagnosis and treatment, mitigate adverse effects of this disease upon patients and improve clinical prognosis.
Expert Forum
Liver transplantation for inherited metabolic liver diseases
Shen Conghuan, Wang Zhengxin
2024, 15(2): 178-184.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023212
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Inherited metabolic liver disease (IMLD) is a category of liver metabolic diseases caused by genetic disorders. The pathogenesis of IMLD is complex, which primarily comprises the accumulation of harmful metabolic substrates or products caused by specific enzyme defects and energy defects or abnormal deposition caused by abnormal metabolism of glucose, fat and other substances. In recent years, liver transplantation has played an increasingly critical role in the treatment of IMLD with the development of liver transplantation. At present, IMLD has become the second most important indication after biliary atresia in pediatric liver transplantation. Currently, IMLD patients receiving liver transplantation can be divided into two categories: the first category is IMLD complicated with liver disease; Category 2 patients have a normal liver structure but are deficient in related metabolic enzymes. It can not only replace the liver with abnormal structure and function, but also provide normal enzymes required for patients' metabolism, which may improve their quality of life and even save their lives. In this article, common feasible liver transplantation for IMLD, clinical prognosis and surgical procedures of liver transplantation for IMLD were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for liver transplantation for IMLD.
Research progress in liver transplantation for colorectal liver metastasis
Huang Zhongjing, Wu Ziyi, Ai Junhua
2024, 15(2): 185-190.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023188
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Colorectal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in China. Studies have shown that more than 50% of patients with colorectal cancer will experience metastasis. After systematic treatment, patients with resectable colorectal cancer could obtain favorable 5-year survival rate. However, patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis constantly obtain poor prognosis. In spite of the development of medical treatment, patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis can be treated by multiple approaches, such as interventional therapy combined with targeted therapy and immunotherapy, clinical efficacy is relatively low. Hence, clinicians divert extensive attention to liver transplantation. Liver transplantation, as an emerging treatment in recent years, is expected to improve clinical prognosis of patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis. In this article, research progress in liver transplantation for patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastasis was reviewed, mainly including the historical overview, recent results, prognostic factors, adaptation criteria, relationship with systemic treatment, liver source shortage and donor allocation, aiming to provide reference for liver transplantation for patients with colorectal liver metastasis.
Progress in quality management and control of donor organ procurement in foreign countries
Jin Lyu, Fan Xiaoli, Ye Qifa
2024, 15(2): 191-199.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023206
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Since the 20th century, organ transplantation has become a breakthrough technology to effectively save the lives of patients with end-stage organ failure, which has significantly enhanced the quality of life of patients. Organ donation is an important source of organ transplantation. Improving the quality of donor organ procurement is the key to promote the translation of donor organs and improve the prognosis of organ transplantation recipients. The United States, Spain and other countries have put forward a series of policies and standards in the quality management and control of donor organ procurement and achieved positive results. In this article, related concepts of medical quality management and control, advanced strategies and models of international donor organ procurement quality management, and quality control measures of Organ Procurement Organization, donors and donor organs were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for establishing a quality management and control system of donor organs with "Chinese characteristics" and advancing high-speed and high-quality development of donor organ procurement.
Application of xenotransplantation in clinical practice
Sun Shengkun, Yang Shujun, Wei Hao, Yang Haihong, Lu Jing, Peng Jiang
2024, 15(2): 200-206.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023234
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Organ transplantation is the optimal treatment for end-stage organ failure. Nevertheless, organ shortage is a global problem, which limits further development of organ transplantation. Recent research shows that genetically modified pig may become a realistic alternative source of clinical organ transplantation donor. Xenotransplantation may serve as one of the effective measures to resolve the problem of organ shortage. Since 2021, 2 cases of living xenotransplantation and 6 cases of xenotransplantation in brain death recipients have been performed worldwide, and phase Ⅰ clinical trial of xenotransplantation has been launched, and the results have exceeded expectations. Therefore, in this article, recent clinical trial results of xenotransplantation in living and brain death recipients were retrospectively analyzed, and scientific, technical and ethical issues related to clinical research of xenotransplantation were illustrated, hoping to provide reference for clinical research of xenotransplantation in China and promote the development of xenotransplantation in clinical practice.
Application of immune repertoire sequencing in solid organ transplantation
Liang Lifei, Chen Tingting, Yang Cheng
2024, 15(2): 207-213.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023192
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Immune repertoire is defined as the sum of T cells and B cells, which possesses high diversity and enables immune system to respond to various antigen stimuli. With the development of sequencing technique, immune repertoire sequencing can be utilized to deeply understand the changes of lymphocyte clones when rejection occurs at the gene level, and also provide the possibility for the emergence of novel non-invasive diagnostic techniques based on immune repertoire sequencing. In recent years, more and more attempts have been made to apply immune repertoire sequencing in solid organ transplantation, especially in the fields of kidney transplantation, liver transplantation, heart transplantation and post-transplantation infection. In this article, research progresses on the application of immune repertoire sequencing in these fields were reviewed, and current status of immune repertoire sequencing in organ transplantation and its potential as a novel technique for early non-invasive diagnosis of rejection were summarized, aiming to provide reference for subsequent development and clinical application of this technique.
Application progress of mesenchymal stem cells in islet transplantation for type 1 diabetes mellitus
Zhu Shufang, Mou Lisha
2024, 15(2): 214-219.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023194
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Islet transplantation is considered as one of the most effective approach for type 1 diabetes mellitus, although its efficacy is limited by several factors. Anoxia, stress and rejection occurring during the isolation, culturing and transplantation of islets may have impact on the outcome of the islet transplantation. Due to the biological properties such as anti-inflammation, angiogenetic promotion and immune regulation, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are all the way focused by researchers. Additionally, exosome, a derivative of MSC, also plays an import role in regulating anoxia-induced oxidative stress modulation, angiogenetic promotion, and immune regulation. MSC-based islet transplantation may be a useful therapeutic tool in treating type 1 diabetes. Therefore, in this review, the potential effect of MSC prior and posterior to the operation of the islet transplantation, its clinical application as well as its limitations were reviewed, aiming to offer insights into the future application of islet transplantation in treating type 1 diabetes.
Original Article
Down-regulating XBP1s alleviates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting ITPR-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction
Ni Haiqiang, Peng Xuan, Gu Shiqi, Gong Nianqiao
2024, 15(2): 220-228.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023198
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  Objective  To evaluate the effect of spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury of mouse renal tubular epithelial cells and unravel underlying mechanism.   Methods  Mouse renal tubular epithelial cells were divided into adenovirus negative control group (Ad-shNC group), targeted silencing XBP1s adenovirus group (Ad-shXBP1s group), Ad-shNC+H/R group and Ad-shXBP1s+H/R group. The apoptosis level, mitochondrial reactive oxygen activity, mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial calcium ion level were detected in each group. Chromatin immunocoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) was employed to analyze the binding sites of XBP1s in regulating the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (ITPR) family. The expression levels of XBP1s and ITPR family messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein were determined in each group.   Results  Compared with the Ad-shNC group, the apoptosis level was higher, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level was increased, mitochondrial membrane potential was decreased and mitochondrial calcium ion level was elevated in the Ad-shNC+H/R group. Compared with the Ad-shNC+H/R group, the apoptosis level was lower, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species level was decreased, mitochondrial membrane potential was elevated, and mitochondrial calcium ion level was decreased in the Ad-shXBP1s+H/R group (all P<0.05). Compared with the Ad-shNC group, relative expression levels of XBP1s, ITPR1, ITPR2 and ITPR3 mRNAs and proteins were down-regulated in the Ad-shXBP1s group (all P<0.05). Compared with the Ad-shNC group, relative expression levels of XBP1s, ITPR1, ITPR2 and ITPR3 proteins were up-regulated in the Ad-shNC+H/R group. Compared with the Ad-shNC+H/R group, relative expression levels of XBP1s, ITPR1, ITPR2 and ITPR3 were down-regulated in the Ad-shXBP1s+H/R group (all P<0.05). ChIP-seq results showed that XBP1s could bind to the promoter and exon of ITPR1, the exon of ITPR2, and the exon of ITPR3.   Conclusions  XBP1s may affect mitochondria-associated endoplasmic reticulum membrane structure and function by directly regulating ITPR transcription and translation. Down-regulating XBP1s may inhibit ITPR expression and mitigate mitochondrial damage.
Research report of living donor kidney harvesting in Bama miniature pigs with six gene modified
Xu Yong, Song Xiangyu, Wang Heng’en, Yang Shujun, Jia Zhibo, Wei Hao, Chen Shengfeng, Cui Mengyi, Ren Yanling, Peng Jiang, Sun Shengkun
2024, 15(2): 229-235.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023215
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  Objective  To summarize the experience and practical value of living donor kidney harvesting in Bama miniature pigs with six gene modified.   Methods  The left kidney of Bama miniature pigs with six gene modified was obtained by living donor kidney harvesting technique. First, the ureter was occluded, and then the inferior vena cava and abdominal aorta were freed. During the harvesting process, the ureter, renal vein and renal artery were exposed and freed in sequence. The vascular forceps were used at the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava, and the renal artery and vein were immediately perfused with 4℃ renal preservation solution, and stored in ice normal saline for subsequent transplantation. Simultaneously, the donor abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava gap were sutured. The operation time, blood loss, warm and cold ischemia time, postoperative complications and the survival of donors and recipients were recorded.   Results  The left kidney of the genetically modified pig was successfully harvested. Intraoperative bleeding was 5 mL, warm ischemia time was 45 s, and cold ischemia time was 2.5 h. Neither donor nor recipient pig received blood transfusion, and urinary function of the kidney transplanted into the recipient was recovered. The donor survived for more than 8 months after the left kidney was resected.   Conclusions  Living donor kidney harvesting is safe and reliable in genetically modified pigs. Branch blood vessels could be processed during kidney harvesting, which shortens the process of kidney repair and the time of cold ischemia. Living donor kidney harvesting contributes to subsequent survival of donors and other scientific researches.
Influencing factors of survival of patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation
Shi Lingzhi, Huang Heng, Liu Mingzhao, Yang Hang, Wu Bo, Zhao Jin, Yan Haoji, Zuo Yujie, Zhang Xinyue, Liu Linxi, Tian Dong, Chen Jingyu
2024, 15(2): 236-243.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023236
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  Objective  To analyze the influencing factors of survival of patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation.   Methods  Clinical data of 66 patients with airway stenosis requiring clinical interventions after lung transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Univariate and multivariate Cox’s regression models were adopted to analyze the influencing factors of survival of all patients with airway stenosis and those with early airway stenosis. Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the overall survival and delineate the survival curve.   Results  For 66 patients with airway stenosis, the median airway stenosis-free time was 72 (52,102) d, 27% (18/66) for central airway stenosis and 73% (48/66) for distal airway stenosis. Postoperative mechanical ventilation time [hazard ratio (HR) 1.037, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.005-1.070, P=0.024] and type of surgery (HR 0.400, 95%CI 0.177-0.903, P=0.027) were correlated with the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The longer the postoperative mechanical ventilation time, the higher the risk of mortality of the recipients. The overall survival of airway stenosis recipients undergoing bilateral lung transplantation was better than that of their counterparts after single lung transplantation. Subgroup analysis showed that grade 3 primary graft dysfunction (PGD) (HR 4.577, 95%CI 1.439-14.555, P=0.010) and immunosuppressive drugs (HR 0.079, 95%CI 0.022-0.287, P<0.001) were associated with the survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation without grade 3 PGD was better compared with that of those with grade 3 PGD. The overall survival of patients with early airway stenosis after lung transplantation treated with tacrolimus was superior to that of their counterparts treated with cyclosporine.   Conclusions  Long postoperative mechanical ventilation time, single lung transplantation, grade 3 PGD and use of cyclosporine may affect the survival of patients with airway stenosis after lung transplantation.
Relationship between influencing factors of operation time and postoperative complications in hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy
Song Hongchen, Lyu Jingcheng, Guo Yuwen, Zhang Jian, Wang Zhipeng, Zhu Yichen
2024, 15(2): 244-250.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023211
Abstract(84) HTML(61) PDF 735KB()
Abstract:
  Objective  To identify the influencing factors of operation time of hand-assisted laparoscopic living donor nephrectomy, and to analyze the relationship between influencing factors and the severity of postoperative complications.   Methods  Clinical data of 91 donors who underwent hand-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between preoperative baseline data of donors and operation time was analyzed. The relationship between operation time and postoperative complications was assessed and the threshold of operation time was determined.   Results  Multiple donor renal arteries, thick perirenal and posterior renal fat, metabolic syndrome, high Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) score and Clavien-Dindo score prolonged the operation time. By analyzing the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, we found that when the operation time was ≥138 min, the incidence of postoperative complications of donors was significantly increased (P<0.05).   Conclusions  For donors with multiple renal arteries, thick perirenal and posterior renal fat, metabolic syndrome and high MAP score and Clavien-Dindo score, experienced surgeons should be selected to make adequate preoperative preparation and pay close attention after surgery, so as to timely detect postoperative complications and reduce the severity of complications, enhance clinical prognosis of the donors.
Correlation between lung allocation score and early death risk of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis after lung transplantation
Gu Meirong, Liu Minqiang, Dai Taoyin, Gu Sijia, Li Xiaoshan, Xu Bo, Hu Chunxiao, Chen Jingyu
2024, 15(2): 251-256.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023200
Abstract(107) HTML(72) PDF 872KB()
Abstract:
  Objective  To analyze the correlation between the lung allocation score (LAS) and the risk of early death and complications in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) after lung transplantation.   Methods  Clinical data of 275 patients with IPF were retrospectively analyzed. The correlation between LAS and the risk of early death in IPF patients after lung transplantation and the correlation between LAS and complications at postoperative 1 year was assessed by univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses.   Results  Among 275 recipients, 62, 83, 95 and 108 cases died within postoperative 30, 90, 180 and 365 d, respectively. LAS was correlated with 30-, 90-, 180- and 365-d fatality of IPF patients (all P<0.05), whereas it was not correlated with the incidence of primary graft dysfunction (PGD) and acute kidney injury (AKI) at 365 d after lung transplantation (both P>0.05).   Conclusions  LAS is correlated with the risk of early death of IPF patients after lung transplantation. While, it is not correlated the incidence of PGD and AKI early after lung transplantation. Special attention should be paid to the effect of comprehensive factors upon PGD and AKI.
Kidney transplantation from donors with Marfan syndrome: report of 2 cases and literature review
Zhang Meng, Wang Yibin, Wang Yuchen, Liu Rumin, Yan Ziyan, Xia Renfei, Zeng Wenli, Hui Jialiang, Zhou Minjie, Xu Jian, Miao Yun
2024, 15(2): 257-262.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023239
Abstract(97) HTML(50) PDF 1834KB()
Abstract:
  Objective  To investigate the feasibility and clinical experience of kidney transplantation from donors with Marfan syndrome (MFS).   Methods  Clinical data of 2 recipients undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS patient were retrospectively analyzed and literature review of 2 cases was conducted. Characteristics and clinical diagnosis and treatment of kidney transplantation from MFS patients were summarized.   Results  The Remuzzi scores of the left and right donor kidneys of the MFS patient during time-zero biopsy were 1 and 2. No significant difference was observed in the renal arteriole wall compared with other donors of brain death and cardiac death. Two recipients who received kidney transplantation from the MFS patient suffered from postoperative delayed graft function. After short-term hemodialysis, the graft function of the recipients received the left and right kidney began to gradually recover at postoperative 10 d and 20 d. After discharge, serum creatinine level of the recipient received the left kidney was ranged from 80 to 90 μmol/L, whereas that of the recipient received the right kidney kept declining, and the lowest serum creatinine level was 232 μmol/L before the submission date (at postoperative 43 d). Through literature review, two cases successfully undergoing kidney transplantation from the same MFS donor were reported. Both two recipients experienced delayed graft function, and then renal function was restored to normal. Until the publication date, 1 recipient has survived for 6 years, and the other recipient died of de novo cerebrovascular disease at postoperative 2 years.   Conclusions  MFS patients may serve as an acceptable source of kidney donors. However, the willingness and general conditions of the recipients should be carefully evaluated before kidney transplantation. Intraoperatively, potential risk of tear of renal arterial media should be properly treated. Extensive attention should be paid to the incidence of postoperative complications.
Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency after kidney transplantation: a case report and literature review
Dong Kun, Su Ruiling, Chen Junze, Chen Guanmiao, Dong Chunqiang
2024, 15(2): 263-269.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023182
Abstract(78) HTML(59) PDF 1613KB()
Abstract:
  Objective  To summarize the diagnosis and treatment experience of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency after kidney transplantation.   Methods  Clinical data of 1 patient with adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency after kidney transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency were summarized by literature review.   Results  Renal biopsy showed that salt crystallization was found in most renal tubule lumen and positive results were observed under polarized light microscopy. After allopurinol, hemodialysis and anti-crystallization treatment, the graft function was gradually recovered. After postoperative 1-year follow-up, the patient's renal function was properly recovered.   Conclusions  Adenine phosphoribosyltransferase deficiency after kidney transplantation may lead to delayed graft function or graft dysfunction. Early detection, diagnosis and treatment may delay disease progression and improve renal function.
Review Article
Research progress in liver transplantation in patients with situs inversus totalis
Wang Anqi, Tang Rui, Lu Qian
2024, 15(2): 270-275.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023179
Abstract(61) HTML(50) PDF 1340KB()
Abstract:
Situs inversus totalis (SIT) is a rare congenital condition, with an extremely low incidence. There is no difference between SIT individuals without onset of diseases and healthy counterparts. However, when SIT individuals suffer from diseases, the diagnosis and treatment are highly challenging due to insufficient understanding of SIT populations, especially for those complicated with end-stage liver disease and requiring liver transplantation. It is a huge challenge for surgeons whether SIT individuals serve as donors or recipients of liver transplantation. In this article, recent case reports related to liver transplantation in SIT patients were summarized, and the development, key procedures, clinical prognosis and postoperative complications of liver transplantation in SIT patients were reviewed.
Present situation and progress of xenotransplantation at home and abroad
Zhang Xiaoyan, Wang Guohui, Han Shichao, Qi Ruochen, Liu Kepu, Wei Di, Yang Xiaojian, Ma Shuaijun, Dou Kefeng, Qin Weijun
2024, 15(2): 276-281.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023193
Abstract(72) HTML(42) PDF 1043KB()
Abstract:
Organ shortage has become one of the major challenges hindering the development of organ transplantation. Xenotransplantation is one of the most valuable methods to resolve global organ shortage. In recent years, the development of genetic engineering technique and research and development of new immunosuppressant have provided novel theoretical basis for xenotransplantation. International scholars have successively carried out researches on xenotransplantation in genetically modified pigs to non-human primates or brain death recipients, making certain substantial progresses. However, most of the researches are still in the preclinical stage, far from clinical application. Therefore, according to the latest preclinical experimental research progress at home and abroad, the history of xenotransplantation, the development of gene modification technology, xenotransplantation rejection and immunosuppression regimens were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for subsequent research of xenotransplantation, promote clinical application of xenotransplantation and bring benefits to more patients with end-stage diseases.
Latest research and prospect of CD47 in kidney transplantation
Chen Yuxiang, Li Zhuocheng, Gao Liang, Zhu Xuyuan, Zhang Yu, Li Tao, Jiang Hongtao
2024, 15(2): 282-288.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024005
Abstract(56) HTML(32) PDF 534KB()
Abstract:
CD47 is a transmembrane protein widely expressed on cell surface, which is considered as a key molecule for immune escape. With an increasing number of related studies, the role of CD47 and its ligands in immunomodulatory effects has been gradually understood. Recent studies have investigated the role of CD47 in ischemia-reperfusion injury of allogenetic kidney transplantation, rejection and xenotransplantation. Nevertheless, the specific role and the key mechanism remain elusive. In this article, the structure and function of CD47, common CD47 ligands, the relationship between CD47 and kidney transplantation, and the application of CD47 in kidney transplantation were reviewed, the latest research progress of CD47 in kidney transplantation was summarized, and the limitations of current research and subsequent research direction were analyzed, aiming to provide reference for subsequent application of CD47 in allogeneic and kidney xenotransplantation.
Application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in prevention and control of infection in solid organ transplantation
Man Lin, Li Xiaoshan, Wang Wenjing, Qian Ting, Xiong Min, Yang Hang, Chen Jingyu, Wu Bo
2024, 15(2): 289-296.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023181
Abstract(98) HTML(61) PDF 580KB()
Abstract:
Organ transplantation has become an effective treatment for multiple end-stage diseases. However, the recipients of organ transplantation need to take immunosuppressive drugs for a long time after operation, which leads to low immune function and relatively high incidence of bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Traditional microbial detection methods, such as pathogen culture, immunological detection and polymerase chain reaction, have been widely applied in infection detection, whereas these methods may cause problems, such as long detection time and presumed pathogens. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing has been widely adopted in infection prevention and control in organ transplantation in recent years due to high detection rate and comprehensive detection of pathogen spectrum. In this article, the application of metagenomic next-generation sequencing in the prevention and control of infection in solid organ transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of transplantation-related infection.
Progress in diagnosis and treatment of biliary anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation
Feng Yanjie, Li Jingdong, Li Qiang, Gong Caifang, Tao Jilin
2024, 15(2): 297-302.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2023240
Abstract(80) HTML(45) PDF 509KB()
Abstract:
In recent years, with the development of organ preservation, surgical techniques, perioperative management and immunosuppression regimens, the success rate of liver transplantation and survival rate of the recipients have been significantly enhanced. Liver transplantation has become the optimal treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease. However, biliary complications still commonly occur after liver transplantation, especially biliary anastomotic stricture. Severe biliary anastomotic stricture will not only increase the cost of treatment, but also lead to graft loss and even affect the survival rate of recipients. Therefore, timely diagnosis and treatment of biliary anastomotic stricture play a significant role in improving the survival rate of liver transplant recipients. In this article, the risk factors, clinical symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of biliary anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation were reviewed, aiming to provide novel ideas for the research, diagnosis and treatment of biliary anastomotic stricture after liver transplantation, and further enhance clinical efficacy of liver transplantation and the quality of life of recipients.
Guideline on immunosuppressive therapy of recipients with renal transplantation in China(2016 edition)
2016, 7(5): 327-331.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2016.05.001
Abstract(1356) HTML(1041) PDF 201KB(412)
摘要:
为提高临床医师对肾移植受者免疫抑制治疗的认识, 规范国内肾移植受者管理, 帮助医师在肾移植临床实践中做出合理决策, 我们组织专家制订了《中国肾移植受者免疫抑制治疗指南(2016版)》。该指南以《2009版改善全球肾病预后组织(KDIGO)肾移植受者管理指南》为主要参考, 结合我国的临床实践经验, 希望能为相关临床科室提供工作指引。
Development status of organ transplantation in China: the report on the 2018 Annual Meeting of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association
Shi Bingyi
2019, 10(1): 32-35.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.01.004
Abstract(1604) HTML(876) PDF 886KB(198)
摘要:
我国的器官移植事业正处于由数量规模型发展向高质量和高科技含量提升、由移植大国向移植强国冲刺的历史关键时期。在2018年中华医学会器官移植学年会上,主任委员石炳毅教授从中国器官捐献与移植体系建设、中国器官移植发展现状两大方面,作了“继往开来,中国器官移植的发展现状”的报告。新的历史时期赋予我们新的历史使命,器官移植学分会要主动作为,推动科学发展,为贯彻新理念、拓宽新视野、实现新愿景而努力奋斗。
Technical specifcation for clinical application of immunosuppressive agents in organ transplantation (2019 edition)
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association
2019, 10(3): 213-226.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.03.001
Abstract(1569) HTML(2008) PDF 1076KB(577)
摘要:
为了进一步规范器官移植免疫抑制剂的临床应用,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织全国31家移植中心的器官移植专家,从器官移植免疫诱导药物应用技术规范、器官移植维持期免疫抑制剂应用技术规范、器官移植常用免疫抑制方案技术规范、器官移植免疫抑制剂血药浓度监测技术规范、器官移植药物性肝肾损伤治疗技术规范等方面,制订本规范,以帮助器官移植工作者规范和优化器官移植免疫抑制剂的临床应用。
Clinical guideline on living donor renal transplantation in China (2016 edition)
2016, 7(6): 417-426.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2016.06.002
Abstract(2147) HTML(827) PDF 323KB(451)
摘要:
活体供肾移植经历半个多世纪的发展,已成为终末期肾病患者的重要治疗手段。在我国,亲属活体器官捐献肾移植作为家庭自救的方式之一,近年来已成为肾脏供体来源的重要补充部分。本指南以世界卫生组织《人体器官移植指导原则》(1991)、中华人民共和国国务院《人体器官移植条例》(2007)以及国家卫生部《关于规范活体器官移植的若干规定》(2010)为法律依据,在《中国活体供肾移植指南》(2009)的基础上进行更新。内容包括活体供肾移植的伦理学、供者与受者的医学评估、活体供肾摘取原则与手术方式、供者近期与远期并发症以及供者的长期随访等。
Technical specification for the diagnosis and treatment on rejection of renal transplantation (2019 edition)
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association
2019, 10(5): 505-512.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.05.008
Abstract(1134) HTML(743) PDF 882KB(311)
摘要:
为了进一步规范肾移植排斥反应的临床诊断与治疗, 中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植学专家, 总结各移植中心的肾移植临床经验, 在《中国肾脏移植排斥反应临床诊疗指南(2016版)》的基础上, 并依据Banff标准, 从超急性排斥反应、急性加速性排斥反应、急性排斥反应、慢性排斥反应等方面, 制订本规范。
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association Process and specification of Chinese donation after citizen′s death (2019 edition)
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association
2019, 10(2): 122-127.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.02.003
Abstract(2987) HTML(1389) PDF 5080KB(294)
摘要:
为了进一步规范中国公民逝世后器官捐献的流程,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植和器官捐献相关专家,从报名登记、捐献评估、捐献确认、器官获取、器官分配、遗体处理、人道救助、捐献文书归档等8个环节,制定中国公民逝世后器官捐献流程和规范(2019版)。
2019, 10(2): 142-148.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.02.005
Abstract(1577) HTML(1460) PDF 7197KB(372)
摘要:
为了进一步规范中国实体器官移植(SOT)受者巨细胞病毒(CMV)感染的诊断和治疗,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植专家、感染病学专家及呼吸内科专家,在《实体器官移植受者巨细胞病毒感染诊疗指南(2017版)》的基础上,从CMV感染的主要危险因素、实验室诊断、临床类型、预防方案,CMV病的治疗,儿童SOT术后CMV感染或CMV病的防治,CMV肺炎合并伊氏肺孢子菌肺炎的防治等方面,制订本规范,以期为我国SOT术后CMV感染的规范化防治提供指导意见。
Guideline on the application of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the perioperative period of lung transplantation(2019 edition)
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association, National Quality Management and Control Center for Lung Transplantation
2019, 10(4): 402-409.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.04.009
Abstract(678) HTML(352) PDF 1381KB(108)
摘要:
肺移植是治疗多种终末期肺疾病的唯一有效方法,体外膜肺氧合(ECMO)在肺移植围手术期起到重要的桥接和支持作用。本指南从肺移植术前ECMO的桥接治疗、术中的心肺支持及术后功能维持等方面,总结肺移植临床实践经验,以期为我国肺移植相关临床科室提供工作指引。
Technical specifcation for diagnosis and treatment of post transplantation diabetes mellitus in China (2019 edition)
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association
2019, 10(1): 1-9.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2019.01.001
Abstract(272) HTML(165) PDF 724KB(94)
摘要:
为了进一步规范中国移植后糖尿病(PTDM)的诊断和治疗, 中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植专家和糖尿病专家, 总结器官移植后血糖异常的国内外最新进展, 在《中国器官移植术后糖尿病诊疗指南(2016版)》的基础上, 结合临床实践, 从PTDM的定义和诊断标准、流行病学、危险因素和发病机制、对移植受者和移植物预后的影响、预防及治疗策略等方面, 制定PTDM诊疗技术规范(2019版)。
Guideline on the standard of lung transplantation donors and the acquisition and transshipment in China
Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association, National Quality Management and Control Center for Lung Transplantation
2018, 9(5): 325-333.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2018.05.001
Abstract(987) HTML(458) PDF 1533KB(100)
摘要:
2015年我国供肺利用率仅约5%。从器官获取组织(OPO)进行供肺协调、初步评估和维护,到供肺获取直至最后经民航、高速公路、高铁转运完成肺移植,每一环节都相当艰难。许多初评合格的供肺,由于缺乏有效的维护而无法用于移植。因此,我们组织专家制订我国肺移植供体标准及获取转运指南,从我国肺移植供肺捐献的分类、供肺选择标准、供肺维护策略、供肺获取流程、供肺转运流程等方面,总结我国肺移植的临床实践经验,希望能为肺移植相关临床科室提供工作指引。
Overview of global organ donation and transplantation in 2020
Jiang Wenshi, Sun Yongkang, Yan Juan, Jiang Feng, Wang Huiying, Ma Qiruo, Xie Ying, He Xiangxiang, Wu Xiaotong
2021, 12(4): 376-383.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2021.04.002
Abstract(3301) HTML(4469) PDF 1734KB(4469)
Abstract:
  Objective  At present, the novel coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) pandemic is still raging in certain regions around the globe, and the prevention and control of the pandemic should be strengthened. Under the challenges of respective social environment and allocation of medical resources, and support from the inertia and inherent productivity of the system on which the industry depends, extensive attempts are being delivered to push forward the work of organ donation and transplantation in each country. Under the guidance of national experts and committee members, Shanxi Provincial Human Organ Procurement and Allocation Service Center was established on August 28, 2018 approved by the former Shanxi Provincial Health and Family Planning Commission. It is the only independent non-profit medical institution in Shanxi Province. In this article, the system construction of citizen's organ donation and transplantation fitting national and provincial conditions was further explored according to the data analysis of organ donation and transplantation in the United States and Spain during the COVID-19 pandemic combined with the implementation of organ donation work in Shanxi Provincial Human Organ Procurement and Allocation Service Center.
Chinese expert consensus on organ protection of transplantation (2022 edition)
China Liver Transplant Registry, National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant, National Quality Control Center for Human Donated Organ Procurement, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation, Committee on Transplant Organ Quality Control, Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Organ Procurement and Allocation Working Committee of the China Hospital Association, National Trauma Medical Center Organ Protection Committee
2022, 13(2): 144-160.   doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2022.02.002
Abstract(2413) HTML(799) PDF 18636KB(799)
Abstract:
Organ transplantation is the most effective treatment for end-stage organ failure, and voluntary donation after citizen's death is the only source of transplant organ in China. Clinically, transplant organ protection technique plays a critical role in improving the quality of transplant organs and the prognosis of recipients. On the basis of domestic and worldwide basic research and clinical practice of transplant organ protection and according to the Oxford evidence classification and GRADE system, the experts organized by Branch of Organ Transplant Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, Branch of Transplantation Group of Surgery of Chinese Medical Association and China Liver Transplant Registry Scientific Committee had compiled and published the Chinese Expert Consensus on Organ Protection of Transplantation (2016 edition) for liver, kidney, pancreas, small intestine, heart, lung transplant organs. With the support of China Liver Transplant Registry, National Trauma Medical Center, National Quality Control Center for Human Donated Organ Procurement, National Clinical Research Center for Orthopedics, Sports Medicine & Rehabilitation and National Center for Healthcare Quality Management in Liver Transplant combined with recent domeatic and worldwide clinical practice and research progress for organ transplantation and organ protection, the Chinese Expert Consensus on Organ Protection of Transplantation (2022 edition) has been published recently. This consensus focuses on updating the technical progress and evidence-based medicine of organ procurement, preservation, transport, and quality evaluation in clinical practice. Additionally, the content of composite tissue transplantation mainly including limb transplantation has also been covered. The aim is to promote the the scientific and standardized clinical organ transplantation.

Competent Authorities: Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China

Sponsored by: Sun Yat-sen University

Presented by: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University

Editor-in-Chief: Gui-Hua Chen

Publisher: Editorial Office of Organ Transplantation

Address: The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, No. 600, Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou

Postcode: 510630

Tel: 020-38736410

Email: organtranspl@163.com

Postal Code: 46-35

Website: http://www.organtranspl.com

Journal: bimonthly

Price: 20 yuan for each period and 120 yuan for the whole year

CN 44-1665/R

ISSN 1674-7445

Open Access