Guidelines for clinical diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection in kidney transplant recipients in China
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摘要: 尿路感染是肾脏移植术后最常见的感染性并发症。为了进一步降低肾脏移植术后受者尿路感染的发生率，提高中国肾脏移植术后受者尿路感染的诊疗水平，减缓细菌耐药性的发展并保证受者用药安全和有效性，中华医学会器官移植学分会组织肾脏移植专家和感染性疾病专家，结合我国肾脏移植术后尿路感染的临床现状，并参考2022版《中国泌尿外科和男科疾病诊断治疗》和2019版《美国移植学会感染性疾病实践指南中实体器官移植受者的尿路感染》，从肾脏移植术后尿路感染的临床分类和定义、流行病学和病因学、诊断和治疗等方面，制定《中国肾脏移植受者尿路感染临床诊疗指南》。Abstract: Urinary tract infection is the most common infectious complication after kidney transplantation. To further reduce the incidence of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation, improve the diagnosis and treatment level of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation in China, prevent the development of bacterial drug resistance and ensure the safety and effectiveness of drug use, Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association organized experts in the fields of kidney transplantation and infectious diseases to consider clinical status of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation in China, refer to “Diagnosis and Treatment of Urological and Andrological Diseases in China (2022 edition)” and “Urinary Tract Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients in American Society of Transplantation Practical Guidelines for Infectious Diseases (2019 edition) ”, and formulate “Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Urinary Tract Infection in Kidney Transplant Recipients in China” from the perspectives of clinical classification and definition, epidemiology and etiology, diagnosis and treatment of urinary tract infection after kidney transplantation, respectively.
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表 1 证据质量与推荐强度分级
Table 1. Level of evidence and recommended strength grades
推荐强度 证据等级 描述 A 1a RCT的系统评价 1b 结果可信区间小的RCT 1c 显示“全或无效应”的任何证据 B 2a 队列研究的系统评价 2b 单个队列研究（包括低质量的RCT，如失访率>20%者） 2c 基于受者结局的研究 3a 病例对照研究的系统评价 3b 单个病例对照研究 C 4 病例系列报告、低质量队列研究和低质量病例对照研究 D 5 专家意见（即无临床研究支持的仅依据基础研究或临床经验的推测） 
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