细胞外囊泡在肝移植中的应用进展

Application progress of extracellular vesicle in liver transplantation

  • 摘要: 肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的有效方法,而肝缺血-再灌注损伤(IRI)和排斥反应大大降低了移植肝的存活率。因此,急需一种既可以减轻肝IRI又可以促进同种异体移植物免疫耐受的新方法,以提高移植肝的存活率。细胞外囊泡(EV)是由细胞释放到细胞外微环境的纳米颗粒,可以通过修复自噬、免疫抑制和促进组织再生减轻移植物损伤。这使得EV成为肝移植领域的研究热点,但其临床应用面临着众多挑战,如EV的分离、纯化、鉴定、储存以及如何靶向递送到目标细胞等。本文对EV在肝IRI中的作用机制、EV临床应用面临的挑战及EV的潜在应用进行综述,旨在为EV在肝移植的临床应用提供参考。

     

    Abstract: Liver transplantation is an effective treatment of end-stage liver diseases. However, liver ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and rejection significantly cause the decrease of survival rate of liver graft. Therefore, it is urgent to explore a novel method, which can not only alleviate liver IRI, but also promote immune tolerance of allograft, thereby improving the survival rate of liver graft. Extracellular vesicle (EV) is nanoparticle released from cells into the extracellular microenvironment, which may alleviate graft injury by repairing autophagy, immunosuppression and accelerating tissue regeneration. Hence, EV becomes a research hot spot in the field of liver transplantation. Nevertheless, the clinical application of EV encounters multiple challenges, such as separation, purification, identification, storage of EV and how to deliver EV to the target cells. In this article, the mechanism of EV in liver IRI, the challenges in clinical application of EV and the potential application of EV were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the clinical application of EV in liver transplantation.

     

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