Abstract: After kidney transplantation, the recipients have been under long-term immunosuppression due to the use of immunosuppressive drugs, and they are high-risk population of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP). The risk of PJP is the highest within 6 months after kidney transplantation and after intensified anti-rejection therapy. Fever, dry cough, progressive dyspnea and hypoxemia are common clinical manifestations of PJP after kidney transplantation. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) can effectively prevent and treat PJP, and significantly reduce the incidence rate and fatality of PJP. To standardize the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of PJP after kidney transplantation, Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association organized relevant Chinese experts to formulate the " Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment of Pneumocystis Jirovecii Pneumonia After Kidney Transplantation in China" based on clinical concerns, aiming to provide guidance for the prevention and comprehensive clinical treatment of PJP after kidney transplantation.