Abstract: Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an effective treatment for a variety of hematopoietic and immune system diseases, but it is associated with postoperative complications such as infection and graft-versus-host disease. Dyslipidemia is one of the common complications after allo-HSCT, which is closely related to graft-versus-host disease, the use of immunosuppressants, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome, etc. Hematopoiesis reconstruction after allo-HSCT is also related to lipid metabolism. Therefore, this article reviews the lipid metabolism after allo-HSCT, the mechanisms and related factors affecting dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT, the impact of dyslipidemia on post-transplant complications, and the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT, aiming to explore the impact and significance of dyslipidemia after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and to provide references for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia after allo-HSCT.