Abstract: Lung transplantation is an effective means of treating various end-stage lung diseases. However, compared with other solid organ transplants, the survival rate after lung transplantation is relatively low. The main reason is the numerous complications after lung transplantation, among which infection is one of the most common complications. Respiratory viral infections are an important type of infection after lung transplantation, which severely affect the survival time and quality of life of lung transplant recipients. Early identification, early prevention, and active treatment are of great significance in reducing the incidence and fatality of respiratory viral infections after lung transplantation. This article reviews the epidemiology, risk factors, prevention principles, and specific prevention and treatment progress of common viruses in respiratory viral infections after lung transplantation at home and abroad, in order to provide a reference for the prevention and treatment of respiratory viral infections after lung transplantation in clinical practice.