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肝移植术后早期肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床分析

郑可中, 陈松, 贺智翔, 等. 肝移植术后早期肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床分析[J]. 器官移植. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024053
引用本文: 郑可中, 陈松, 贺智翔, 等. 肝移植术后早期肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床分析[J]. 器官移植. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024053
Zheng Kezhong, Chen Song, He Zhixiang, et al. Clinical analysis of early Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after liver transplantation[J]. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024053
Citation: Zheng Kezhong, Chen Song, He Zhixiang, et al. Clinical analysis of early Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after liver transplantation[J]. ORGAN TRANSPLANTATION. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024053

肝移植术后早期肺炎克雷伯菌感染的临床分析

doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7445.2024053
基金项目: 安徽省临床医学研究转化专项(202204295107020015);安徽医科大学基础与临床合作项目(2019xkjT022)
详细信息
    作者简介:
    通讯作者:

    黄帆(ORCID 0000-0002-9870-1678),硕士生导师,副主任医师,研究方向为肝胆胰外科治疗、肝移植,Email:huang_f@vip.126.com

  • 中图分类号: R617, R378

Clinical analysis of early Klebsiella pneumoniae infection after liver transplantation

More Information
  • 摘要:   目的   探究肝移植术后早期肺炎克雷伯菌(KP)感染及其对预后的影响。  方法   回顾性分析171例肝移植受者的资料,根据术后2周细菌培养结果分为无感染组(n=52)和感染组(n=119);感染组86例未检出KP(非KP感染组),33例培养出KP(KP感染组)。比较无感染组和感染组、非KP感染组和KP感染组受者术前、术中及术后资料,分析肝移植术后早期KP感染的危险因素及受者长期生存的影响因素。  结果   与无感染组比较,感染组术前终末期肝病模型(MELD)评分和总胆红素水平高,手术时间、术后重症监护室(ICU)治疗时间及住院时间长,术中红细胞输注量多,住院费用高,严重并发症发生率高,术后14 d和30 d白细胞计数、中性粒细胞绝对数、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值高,术后14 d淋巴细胞绝对数低,术后30 d血红蛋白低,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。与非KP感染组比较,KP感染组MELD评分、总胆红素、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)水平高,手术时间、术后ICU治疗时间长,住院费用高,术后90 d病死率高,术后14 d白蛋白低,术后30 d总胆红素高,差异均有统计学意义(均为P<0.05)。33例KP感染受者中,16例对碳青霉烯类抗生素耐药,其中7例在术后90 d内死亡;17例对碳青霉烯类抗生素中介或敏感,4例在术后90 d内死亡。术前MELD评分≥17分、手术时间>415 min是肝移植术后KP感染的独立危险因素(均为P<0.05)。术后ICU治疗时间≥44 h和KP感染是肝移植长期预后的独立危险因素(均为P<0.05)。  结论   KP感染是肝移植术后死亡的独立危险因素,术前MELD评分高和手术时间长是肝移植术后早期KP感染的独立危险因素。

     

  • 图  1  受者生存曲线分析

    注:A图为无感染组与感染组受者生存曲线;B图为非KP感染组与KP感染组受者生存曲线。

    Figure  1.  survival curve analysis of recipients

    表  1  无感染组和感染组受者术前资料比较

    Table  1.   Comparison of preoperative data of recipients between non-infection group and infection group

    变量 无感染组(n=52) 感染组(n=119) 统计值 P
    年龄[MP25,P75),岁] 49(40,56) 48(38,55) −0.297 0.766
    男性[n(%)] 45(87) 89(75) 2.946 0.086
    BMI[MP25,P75),kg/m2] 23(21,25) 22(21,24) −0.581 0.561
    MELD评分[MP25,P75),分] 16(10,23) 19(13,27) −2.011 0.044
    血型[n(%)] 2.184 0.535
     A型 18(35) 41(34)
     B型 9(17) 32(27)
     AB型 4(8) 8(7)
     O型 21(40) 38(32)
    原发病[n(%)]
     乙肝肝硬化 27(52) 63(53) 0.015 0.902
     肝恶性肿瘤 11(21) 20(17) 0.461 0.497
     酒精性肝硬化 4(8) 7(6) 0.197 0.657
     自身免疫性肝病 7(13) 20(17) 0.305 0.581
     遗传代谢性疾病 3(6) 9(8) 0.178 0.673
    实验室指标
     白细胞计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 3.1(2.4,4.9) 4.2(2.4,6.1) −1.670 0.095
     中性粒细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 2.1(1.4,3.3) 2.3(1.6,4.2) −1.176 0.240
     淋巴细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 0.7(0.4,1.2) 0.76(0.5,1.1) −0.369 0.712
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值 3.0(2.3,5.3) 3.3(2.1,6.0) −0.931 0.352
     血红蛋白($\overline x \pm s $,g/L) 106±26 100±27 1.406 0.163
     血小板计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 55(32,88) 60(32,100) −0.496 0.620
     白蛋白($\overline x \pm s $,g/L) 35±10 35±6 0.287 0.774
     总胆红素[MP25,P75),μmol/L] 34(22,99) 56(26,233) −2.158 0.031
     ALT[MP25,P75),U/L] 36(23,56) 39(26,64) −0.817 0.414
     AST[MP25,P75),U/L] 48(34,80) 49(33,94) −0.420 0.674
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  非KP感染组和KP感染组受者术前资料比较

    Table  2.   Comparison of preoperative data of recipients between non KP infection group and KP infection group

    变量 非KP感染组(n=86) KP感染组(n=33) 统计值 P
    年龄[MP25,P75),岁] 49(39,55) 47(36,55) −0.523 0.601
    男性[n(%)] 63(73) 26(79) 0.387 0.534
    BMI($\overline x \pm s $,kg/m2 22.7±3.0 22.5±2.9 0.410 0.683
    MELD评分($\overline x \pm s $,分) 18.6±8.7 23.1±2.9 −2.650 0.009
    血型[n(%)] 2.847 0.416
     A型 31(36) 10(30)
     B型 24(28) 8(24)
     AB型 7(8) 1(3)
     O型 24(28) 14(42)
    原发病[n(%)]
     乙型肝炎肝硬化 47(55) 16(48) 0.364 0.546
     肝恶性肿瘤 15(17) 5(15) 0.089 0.765
     酒精性肝硬化 5(6) 2(6) 0.003 0.959
     自身免疫性肝病 12(14) 8(24) 1.806 0.179
     遗传代谢性疾病 7(8) 2(6) 0.147 0.701
    实验室指标
     白细胞计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 3.9(2.3,5.8) 4.6(3.1,6.9) −1.323 0.186
     中性粒细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 2.2(1.4,3.4) 2.8(1.5,5.0) −1.057 0.291
     淋巴细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 0.7(0.5,1.1) 0.7(0.5,1.0) −0.031 0.975
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[MP25,P75)] 3.1(2.0,5.7) 4.2(2.1,7.1) −1.107 0.268
     血红蛋白($\overline x \pm s $,g/L) 98±26 105±30 −1.112 0.272
     血小板计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 61(35,102) 53(27,85) −1.207 0.227
     白蛋白($\overline x \pm s $,g/L) 35±7 35±6 0.209 0.834
     总胆红素[MP25,P75),μmol/L] 48(22,148) 98(40,375) −2.737 0.006
     ALT[MP25,P75),U/L] 36(26,59) 49(29,88) −1.645 0.100
     AST[MP25,P75),U/L] 47(31,83) 68(46,144) −2.161 0.031
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  无感染组和感染组受者术中及术后资料比较

    Table  3.   Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative data of recipients between non-infection group and infection group

    变量 无感染组(n=52) 感染组(n=119) 统计值 P
    手术时间[MP25,P75),min] 395(344,445) 425(370,490) −22.523 0.012
    无肝期[MP25,P75),min] 54(46,63) 53(49,63) −20.650 0.515
    术中出血量[MP25,P75),mL] 800(425,1 000) 800(500,1500) −21.635 0.102
    术中红细胞输注量[MP25,P75),U] 4.0(0.3,8.0) 6.0(4.0,10.0) −22.213 0.027
    术中血浆输注量[MP25,P75),mL] 1 000(800,1 400) 1050(800,1 800) −21.964 0.050
    GRWR[MP25,P75),%] 2.0(1.8,2.4) 2.1(1.8,2.5) −20.883 0.377
    ICU治疗时间[MP25,P75),h] 35(25,54) 48(32,89) −23.288 0.001
    术后住院时间[MP25,P75),d] 23(18,28) 27(19,38) −22.547 0.011
    总住院费用[MP25,P75),万元] 18(15,21) 22(17,36) −23.929 <0.001
    严重并发症[n(%)] 6(12) 35(29) 6.342 0.012
    术后30 d死亡[n(%)] 4(8) 9(8) 0.001 0.977
    术后90 d死亡[n(%)] 5(10) 19(16) 1.210 0.271
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  非KP感染组和KP感染组受者术中及术后资料比较

    Table  4.   Comparison of intraoperative and postoperative data of recipients between non KP infection group and KP infection group

    变量 非KP感染组(n=86) KP感染组(n=33) 统计值 P
    手术时间[MP25,P75),min] 415(368,480) 460(418,515) −2.394 0.017
    无肝期[MP25,P75),min] 53(49,63) 50(46,61) −1.451 0.147
    术中出血量[MP25,P75),mL] 800(500,1 500) 800(450,1 500) −0.332 0.740
    术中红细胞输注量[MP25,P75),U] 6(4,10) 6(2,10) −0.093 0.926
    术中血浆输注量[MP25,P75),mL] 1 000(800,1 800) 1 400(1 000,2 025) −1.573 0.116
    GRWR[MP25,P75),%] 2.1(1.7,2.5) 2.2(1.8,2.5) −0.671 0.502
    ICU治疗时间[MP25,P75),h] 42(28,68) 79(54,242) −4.723 <0.001
    术后住院时间[MP25,P75),d] 25(19,35) 32(23,41) −1.963 0.050
    住院总费用[MP25,P75),万元] 20(17,29) 28(20,51) −2.659 0.008
    严重并发症[n(%)] 25(29) 10(30) 0.017 0.895
    术后30 d死亡[n(%)] 5(6) 4(12) 1.357 0.244
    术后90 d死亡[n(%)] 8(9) 11(33) 10.265 0.001
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  无感染组和感染组受者术后实验室指标比较

    Table  5.   Comparison of postoperative laboratory indicators of recipients between non-infection group and infection group

    指标 无感染组(n=52) 感染组(n=119) 统计值 P
    术后14 d
     白细胞计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 6(4,9) 9(6,13) −3.926 <0.001
     中性粒细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 4(3,7) 7(5,11) −3.926 <0.001
     淋巴细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 0.8(0.6,1.1) 0.6(0.4,1.0) −2.098 0.036
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[MP25,P75)] 6(4,9) 11(8,16) −5.736 <0.001
     血红蛋白[MP25,P75),g/L] 97(88,103) 93(86,103) −0.905 0.366
     血小板[MP25,P75),×109/L] 54(36,102) 64(41,102) −1.424 0.154
     白蛋白($\overline x \pm s $,g/L) 38±4 39±4 −0.435 0.664
     总胆红素[MP25,P75),μmol/L] 32(19,68) 35(23,72) −1.195 0.232
     ALT[MP25,P75),U/L] 87(66,151) 96(52,159) −0.031 0.976
     AST[MP25,P75),U/L] 27(17,45) 38(21,64) −1.667 0.093
    术后30 d
     白细胞计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 4(3,5) 5(4,8) −3.938 <0.001
     中性粒细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 2.5(1.8,3.3) 3.7(2.5,5.5) −3.945 <0.001
     淋巴细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 0.7(0.6,1.4) 0.9(0.5,1.3) −0.468 0.640
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[MP25,P75)] 3.4(2.0,4.3) 4.3(2.7,7.4) −2.958 <0.001
     血红蛋白[MP25,P75),g/L] 100±19 91±17 2.799 0.006
     血小板[MP25,P75),×109/L] 131(82,193) 136(84,252) −0.817 0.414
     白蛋白($\overline x \pm s $,g/L) 40±4 39±4 1.487 0.139
     总胆红素[MP25,P75),μmol/L] 21(13,31) 17(10,28) −1.651 0.099
     ALT[MP25,P75),U/L] 29(15,54) 26(15,43) −0.575 0.565
     AST[MP25,P75),U/L] 23(16,35) 25(15,38) −0.634 0.526
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  6  非KP感染组和KP感染组患者术后实验室检查结果

    Table  6.   Comparison of postoperative laboratory indicators of recipients between non KP infection group and KP infection group

    指标 非KP感染组(n=86) KP感染组(n=33) 统计值 P
    术后14 d
     白细胞计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 9(7,13) 8(6,13) −0.513 0.608
     中性粒细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 7(5,11) 6(5,11) −0.405 0.686
     淋巴细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 0.7(0.4,1.0) 0.6(0.4,1.0) −0.717 0.474
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[MP25,P75)] 11(7,16) 12(8,20) −0.627 0.531
     血红蛋白[MP25,P75),g/L] 96±15 94±16 0.656 0.513
     血小板[MP25,P75),×109/L] 66(46,103) 61(37,100) −1.202 0.229
     白蛋白(`x±s,g/L) 39±5 37±3 2.29 0.024
     总胆红素[MP25,P75),μmol/L] 34(23,68) 43(24,112) −1.418 0.156
     ALT[MP25,P75),U/L] 96(57,160) 106(47,161) −0.309 0.757
     AST[MP25,P75),U/L] 38(19,54) 41(26,76) −1.151 0.250
    术后30 d
     白细胞计数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 5(4,7) 7(4,9) −1.203 0.229
     中性粒细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 3.5(2.5,4.8) 4.2(2.3,7.1) −0.870 0.384
     淋巴细胞绝对数[MP25,P75),×109/L] 0.9(0.6,1.2) 1.0(0.5,1.3) −0.491 0.623
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值[MP25,P75)] 4.2(2.8,6.5) 5.2(2.1,8.9) −0.690 0.490
     血红蛋白[MP25,P75),g/L] 92±16 87±19 1.031 0.305
     血小板[MP25,P75),×109/L] 142(92,264) 109(77,222) −1.415 0.157
     白蛋白(`x±s,g/L) 39±4 38±5 0.943 0.348
     总胆红素[MP25,P75),μmol/L] 14(10,25) 21(15,35) −2.619 0.009
     ALT[MP25,P75),U/L] 25(15,42) 27(17,46) −0.571 0.568
     AST[MP25,P75),U/L] 24(15,35) 28(17,48) −0.980 0.327
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  7  肝移植术后KP感染的危险因素分析

    Table  7.   Risk factors analysis of KP infection after liver transplantation

    变量 单因素分析 多因素
    OR(95%CI β P OR(95%CI β P
    一般情况
     性别(男比女) 1.032(0.408~2.608) 0.031 0.947
     年龄(≥49岁比<49岁) 0.888(0.415~1.899) −0.119 0.760
     BMI(≥22.49 kg/m2比<22.49 kg/m2 0.914(0.428~1.955) −0.090 0.817
    术前资料
     MELD评分(≥17分比<17分) 3.217(1.357~7.627) 1.168 0.008 2.832(1.138~7.048) 1.041 0.025
     乙型肝炎病毒感染(罹患比未罹患) 0.726(0.337~1.562) −0.321 0.412
     肝恶性肿瘤(罹患比未罹患) 0.763(0.305~1.098) −0.271 0.563
     白细胞计数(≥3.78×109/L比<3.78×109/L) 1.348(0.629~2.889) 0.298 0.443
     中性粒细胞绝对数(≥2.23×109/L比<2.23×109/L) 1.832(0.844~3.973) 0.605 0.126
     淋巴细胞绝对数(≥0.66×109/L比<0.66×109/L) 0.969(0.453~2.071) -0.032 0.935
     中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(≥3.12比<3.12) 1.616(0.750~3.480) 0.480 0.220
     血红蛋白(≥101.51 g/L比<101.51 g/L) 0.914(0.428~1.955) −0.090 0.817
     血小板(≥59×109/L比<59×109/L) 0.833(0.389~1.786) −0.182 0.639
     白蛋白(≥35.22 g/L比<35.22 g/L) 0.964(0.449~2.066) −0.037 0.924
     ALT(≥39 U/L比<39 U/L) 2.990(1.323~6.756) 1.095 0.008 2.850(0.820~9.901) 1.047 0.099
     AST(≥49 U/L比<49 U/L) 2.659(1.178~6.004) 0.978 0.019 1.036(0.296~3.628) 0.035 0.956
    术中资料
     手术时间(≥415 min比<415 min) 4.295(1.748~10.554) 1.457 0.001 4.370(1.716~11.130) 1.475 0.002
     术中出血量(≥800 mL比<800 mL) 0.995(0.443~2.061) −0.046 0.907
     术中红细胞输注量(≥4.5 U比<4.5 U) 1.318(0.612~2.838) 0.276 0.480
     术中血浆输注量(≥1 000 mL比<1 000 mL) 2.316(0.939~5.710) 0.840 0.068
     GRWR(≥2.09%比<2.09%) 1.471(0.686~3.154) 0.386 0.321
     注:①OR为比值比。
       ②CI为可信区间。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  8  肝移植长期预后的危险因素分析

    Table  8.   Analysis of risk factors for long-term prognosis of liver transplantation

    变量 单因素分析 多因素分析
    HR(95%CI β P HR(95%CI β P
    一般资料
     性别(男比女) 1.017(0.443~2.337) 0.017 0.968
     年龄(≥49岁比<49岁) 0.955(0.487~1.871) −0.046 0.893
     BMI(≥22.49 kg/m2比<22.49 kg/m2 0.847(0.432~1.661) −0.166 0.629
    术前资料
     MELD评分(≥17分比<17分) 2.207(1.055~4.617) 0.792 0.036 1.467(0.682~3.154) 0.383 0.327
     乙型肝炎病毒感染(罹患比未罹患) 1.009(0.505~2.015) 0.009 0.980
     肝恶性肿瘤(罹患比未罹患) 1.155(0.539~2.477) 0.144 0.711
    术中资料
     手术时间(≥415 min比<415 min) 1.684(0.833~3.405) 0.521 0.146
     术中出血量(≥800 mL比<800 mL) 1.307(0.647~2.642) 0.268 0.455
     GRWR(≥2.09%比<2.09%) 0.896(0.455~1.763) −0.110 0.750
    术后资料
     ICU治疗时间(≥44 h比<44 h) 4.021(1.751~9.236) 1.392 0.001 2.712(1.089~6.754) 0.998 0.032
     感染(是比否) 1.072(0.512~2.242) 0.069 0.854
     KP感染(是比否) 3.439(1.734~6.820) 1.235 <0.001 2.145(1.031~4.465) 0.763 0.041
     注:①HR为风险比。
       ②CI为可信区间。
    下载: 导出CSV
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