Abstract: Due to long-term use of immunosuppressant, poor immune function and a higher risk of critical diseases after novel coronavirus pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients, it is of significance to deliver prophylactic vaccination for this high-risk population. Studies have shown that the immune reaction of kidney transplant recipients to novel coronavirus vaccine is significantly lower than that of healthy counterparts. Standard vaccination program in the United States, such as 2 doses of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccine, fails to provide sufficient protection for kidney transplant recipients. Many studies have proven that increasing the frequency of vaccination for kidney transplant recipients may enhance the vaccine efficacy. Nevertheless, the role of adjusting immunosuppressive therapy in increasing vaccine efficacy remains to be elucidated. In this article, the importance, effectiveness and particularity of novel coronavirus vaccine for kidney transplant recipients and the effect of immunosuppressive therapy on the efficacy of novel coronavirus vaccine were reviewed, aiming to provide reference on the vaccination for kidney transplant recipients.