Abstract: In recent years, significant progress has been achieved in heart transplantation, perioperative management and application of immunosuppressants. Nevertheless, complications after heart transplantation are still main risk factors affecting the survival of recipients. Among them, acute kidney injury is a common complication during the early stage following heart transplantation. It may lead to secondary chronic kidney diseases after heart transplantation and progress into end-stage renal diseases, severely affecting the quality of life and long-term survival of recipients. Therefore, it is of significance to identify the risk factors of kidney injury after heart transplantation and deliver prompt interventions to improve clinical prognosis of heart transplant recipients. In this article, research progress on the incidence, risk factors, prevention and treatment strategies of kidney injury-related complications after heart transplantation was reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of kidney injury-related complications after heart transplantation and enhance clinical prognosis of recipients undergoing heart transplantation.