Abstract: Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a common monogenic hereditary kidney disease, which can progress into end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Patients with ADPKD constantly suffer from recurrent intracapsular infection. The drug resistance caused by antibiotic treatment is becoming increasingly prominent. The pattern of renal transplantation should be selected according to the infection of polycystic kidney disease. In this article, the origin of renal cyst, classification and source of cystic fluid, type and drug resistance of bacteria in the cystic fluid, and intracapsular infection of patients with renal transplantation- associated ADPKD were reviewed, aiming to provide reference for the diagnosis and treatment of intracapsular infection of patients with ADPKD.