Abstract: Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) may establish lifetime latency after initial invasion of the host, and liver transplant recipients may experience reactivation of latent infection during immunosuppression. HHV-6 infection in liver transplant recipients could lead to fever, hepatitis, encephalitis and graft dysfunction, and indirectly increases the risk of progression of liver fibrosis due to cytomegalovirus (CMV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. At present, the pathogenesis of HHV-6 infection after liver transplantation has not been systematically elucidated, and effective prevention and treatment strategies are still lacking. This article provided a review for the research progress on the pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnosis and treatment of HHV-6 infection after liver transplantation.