Objective  To analyze and summarize clinical characteristics and treatment of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome(DAHS) complication after renal transplantation.

  Methods  Clinical data of one patient, admitted to the 309^th Hospital of People's Liberation Army in December 2012, who was complicated with DAHS after renal transplantation, were obtained. The incidence, diagnosis and treatment courses of DAHS were retrospectively analyzed. Literature review was conducted to summarize clinical experience.

  Results  The patient was clinically manifested with respiratory failure, progressive aggravation of hemoptysis and anemia. Imaging examination revealed that diffusive infiltration of bilateral lungs was aggravated. After the diagnosis of DAHS was confirmed, adrenal cortical hormone (hormone) shock and anti-infectious medication therapies were timely delivered to actively prevent and treat relevant complications. The patient was successfully healed. Until the submission date, the patient presented with normal renal function and no pulmonary complications were noted.

  Conclusions  DAHS is a rare and fatal complication after renal transplantation. Early diagnosis, active anti-infection therapy and timely administration of large-dose hormone shock treatment determine the success of clinical treatment.