Objective  To investigate the characteristics of diagnosis and treatment on hyperthyroidism after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(AHSCT).

  Methods  The clinical data of a female patient who suffered from hyperthyroidism after AHSCT at Department of Hematology of the Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University at December 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. The clinical manifestation, laboratory examination, diagnosis and treatment of the patient were summarized and analyzed, and the relevant literatures were reviewed.

  Results  The patient developed the symptoms of hyperthyroidism at 39 months after AHSCT, and had the clinical manifestation and laboratory examination results specific to hyperthyroidism. The patient was diagnosed as diffuse toxic goiter (Graves’ disease) and had good prognosis after drug therapy.

  Conclusions  It is rare to develop hyperthyroidism after AHSCT that has specific clinical manifestation and can be confirmed by laboratory examination. Graves' disease has good prognosis with early diagnosis and treatment.