Abstract: Severe liver failure is a clinical syndrome characterized by rapid deterioration of liver function, multi-organ dysfunction and high fatality. Medical treatment has limited efficacy, and liver transplantation is the only effective means to save patients' lives. However, the presence of coagulopathy, immune suppression, infection and dysfunction of multiple organs such as the heart, kidneys, lungs and brain in patients, also significantly increases the risk of death during the perioperative period of liver transplantation, limiting the implementation of liver transplantation for patients with severe liver failure. Based on this, Branch of Organ Transplantation of Chinese Medical Association and Transplant Immunology Committee of Branch of Organ Transplantation Physicians of Chinese Medical Doctor Association have organized experts to summarize the literature and combine clinical experience to write this guideline according to the principles of evidence-based medicine, for reference in the clinical work of physicians related to liver transplantation.