Abstract: Talaromyces marneffei is a rare opportunistic pathogen. Talaromyces marneffei infection is characterized by insidious onset, atypical clinical manifestations, low early diagnosis rate, and high misdiagnosis and fatality, and has received widespread attention in recent years. Organ transplant recipients become a high-risk group for Talaromyces marneffei infection due to postoperative immunosuppressive therapy. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing, targeted antifungal therapy, and immunosuppression regimen adjustment are key to improving the prognosis of Talaromyces marneffei infection patients. This article reviews the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of Talaromyces marneffei infection in organ transplant recipients, explores current challenges and future research directions, and aims to inform the diagnosis and treatment of Talaromyces marneffei infection.