Abstract: Sleep disorders have a high incidence rate in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and severely affect their quality of life. As the most effective treatment for (ESRD), kidney transplantation can significantly improve renal function and prolong survival of patients. However, clinical observations have found that 19.3% to 78.0% of kidney transplant recipients still experience persistent various sleep disorders such as insomnia, sleep-related breathing disorders and sleep-related movement disorders after surgery. These sleep disorders not only lead to impaired daytime function but are also closely related to adverse outcomes such as cardiovascular complications and increased infection risks. Currently, research on the pathogenesis of sleep disorders in kidney transplant recipients is still insufficient, and clinical diagnosis and treatment face many challenges. This article systematically reviews the epidemiological characteristics, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical impacts, and new developments in the diagnosis and treatment of sleep disorders in kidney transplant recipients. It aims to provide evidence-based support for clinicians and promote the establishment of more comprehensive early screening and individualized treatment plans to improve the long-term prognosis of recipients.