Abstract: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently the most common primary malignant tumor of liver. According to the statistics from China,more than 300 000 patients die of HCC in China each year, accounting for approximately 50% of the total number of HCC deaths worldwide. Liver transplantation is currently one of the important methods for treating HCC. However, postoperative recurrence and metastasis of HCC affect the long-term survival of patients. The use of prognostic scoring models to assess the risk of recurrence after liver transplantation for HCC, regular follow-up and close monitoring of recipients, individualized, low-dose and combined immunosuppressive regimens, and standardized antiviral therapy are all beneficial for reducing the risk of recurrence. Once recurrence and metastasis are confirmed, comprehensive treatment combining surgical resection, local treatment, and systemic treatment is helpful in controlling disease progression and prolonging survival time. This article focuses on the new progress in the prevention and treatment of tumor recurrence and metastasis after liver transplantation for HCC, with the aim of providing reference and inspiration for future clinical practice and scientific research.