Current status of diagnosis and treatment of steroid resistant acute rejection after liver transplantation

After solid organ transplantation, acute rejection often occur, and high-dose glucocorticoid (steroid) pulse therapy is commonly used to treat them. However, high-dose steroid pulse therapy is ineffective for some patients, leading to steroid-resistant acute rejection, which may easily result in graft loss and severely affect patient prognosis. It is currently believed that both cell-mediated rejection and antibody-mediated rejection are involved in the occurrence and development of steroid resistant acute rejection. The diagnosis and treatment of steroid resistant acute rejection after kidney transplantation have become relatively mature, while the focus on steroid resistant acute rejection after liver transplantation has been relatively low in the past in China, and a unified standardized treatment plan has not yet been formed. Therefore, this article reviews the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of steroid resistant acute rejection after liver transplantation, in order to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of steroid resistant acute rejection after liver transplantation.