Clinical technical operation specification for pathology of organ transplantation (2019 edition): liver transplantation
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摘要: 为了进一步规范器官移植病理学临床技术操作,中华医学会器官移植学分会组织器官移植专家和移植病理学专家,从移植肝病理学基本原则、切除病肝的病理学检查临床技术操作规范、供肝病理学评估的临床技术操作规范、移植肝病理学检查临床技术操作规范等方面,制定器官移植病理学临床技术操作规范(2019版)之移植肝病理学临床技术操作规范。
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图 10 肝移植术后受者GVHD的皮肤及小肠病变
A图示肝移植受者腹部散在多个圆形硬币样皮肤病变,其前臂和背部皮肤亦有相同病变;B图示其皮肤活检中可见鳞状上皮基底部有淋巴细胞和少许中性粒细胞浸润及基底细胞凋亡坏死呈“木乃伊细胞”(↑,苏木素-伊红,×400);C图示皮肤活检真皮组织内的微血管周围淋巴细胞围管状浸润(苏木素-伊红,×200);D图示肝移植受者小肠黏膜活检中可见黏膜腺体内少许淋巴细胞浸润(↑,苏木素-伊红,×400)
Figure 10. Skin lesions and small intestinal mucosa biopsy of recipient's GVHD after liver transplantation
表 1 Banff移植肝排斥反应诊断标准的RAI定量评分
Table 1. RAI quantitative score of Banff Schema for liver allograft rejection
分数 病理学表现 门管区炎症 1分 少数门管区淋巴细胞浸润为主,门管区无明显扩大 2分 多数或全部门管区混合性炎细胞浸润(包括淋巴细胞、少量幼稚淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞等),门管区扩大,如果出现多量嗜酸性粒细胞伴门管区水肿和微血管内皮细胞肥大,应考虑急性AMR 3分 多数或全部门管区混合性炎细胞浸润,门管区扩大,炎细胞侵出门管区至周围肝实质 胆管炎性损伤 1分 少数胆管炎细胞浸润和胆管上皮的轻度反应性改变(细胞核增大:核/浆比增加) 2分 多数胆管炎细胞浸润,较多胆管出现退化,如核多形性、极像紊乱和胞浆空泡化 3分 在2分之表现的基础上出现多数或全部胆管退化或灶性胆管腔破坏 静脉内皮炎症 1分 少数小叶间或中央静脉的内皮下淋巴细胞浸润 2分 多数或全小叶间或中央静脉的内皮下淋巴细胞浸润,少数中央静脉周围肝细胞脱失 3分 在2分之表现的基础上,出现中-重度静脉周围炎并延伸至周围肝实质和多数中央静脉周围出现肝细胞坏死 表 2 移植肝慢性排斥反应的组织学评价标准
Table 2. Histological evaluation criteria on chronic rejection of liver allograft
部 位 早期慢性排斥反应 (至少符合两条) 晚期慢性排斥反应 (至少符合两条) 小胆管(<60 μm) 多数胆管出现衰老,<50%门管区出现胆管消失 ≥50%门管区出现胆管消失,其余胆管出现退化 小叶间动脉 <25%门管区出现动脉消失 ≥25%门管区出现动脉消失 终末肝静脉和Ⅲ区肝细胞 终末肝静脉周围单个核细胞浸润;
Ⅲ区肝细胞坏死和炎细胞浸润;
轻度纤维化终末肝静脉程度不等的炎细胞浸润;
局灶性静脉闭塞;
中到重度(桥样)纤维化大肝动脉分支 内膜炎症,局灶性泡沫细胞沉积,没有管腔损伤 内膜泡沫细胞沉积;
血管内膜纤维组织增生导致管腔狭窄大胆管分支 炎症损伤和灶性泡沫细胞沉积 管壁纤维化 其他 “过渡性”肝炎和多灶性肝细胞坏死, 肝窦泡沫细胞沉积、胆汁淤积 -
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